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Sophia → Introduction to Networking

          Front: dB (decibels)        

          Back: A logarithmic unit used to measure power in a fiber-optic cable.        

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          Front: bps        

          Back: Bits per second.        

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          Front: Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)        

          Back: A network typically attached to a LAN to provide mobility to local users by way of a wireless RF connection.        

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          Front: Wireless        

          Back: Communication without a wired connection, such as by radio waves.        

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          Front: Wired Networks        

          Back: Networks that use various types of network cables to carry signals from device to device.        

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          Front: Windows Server        

          Back: A version of Microsoft Windows designed to run a network server.        

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          Front: Wide Area Network (WAN)        

          Back: A computer network that covers a large geographic area.        

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          Front: Wi-Fi        

          Back: A wireless data communication standard.        

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          Front: Web Server        

          Back: A server that connects to the internet and responds to client requests for web pages and web-based application access.        

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          Front: Wavelength        

          Back: The length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next.        

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          Front: Voice-Over IP (VoIP)        

          Back: Voice-over Internet Protocol, a telecommunications system that uses the internet or other internet protocol network to transmit telephone calls.        

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          Front: VoIP Gateway        

          Back: A VoIP gateway is a gateway device that uses Internet Protocol to transmit and receive voice communications.        

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          Front: VoIP Endpoints        

          Back: A voice-over-IP telephone.        

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          Front: Virtualization        

          Back: A technology that enables a single physical computer to have multiple OS instances installed, all running simultaneously.        

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          Front: Virtual Machine        

          Back: An instance of an OS that runs independently of other OS instances running on the same hardware.        

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          Front: Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)        

          Back: A subnetwork of a LAN.        

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          Front: Virtual Desktop        

          Back: A system that enables users to sign into a network account to access a GUI desktop remotely.        

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          Front: VPN Concentrator        

          Back: A device that creates and manages multiple simultaneous VPN connections to a network.        

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          Front: User Datagram Protocol (UDP)        

          Back: A connectionless Layer 4 protocol.        

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          Front: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)        

          Back: A type of cable used for computer networking and telecommunications.        

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          Front: Unmanaged Switch        

          Back: A switch with minimal functionality appropriate for SOHO installations.        

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          Front: Unix        

          Back: A multiuser, multitasking OS on which Linux is based; it is still in use today on select systems by IBM, Oracle, and HP.        

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          Front: Unicast        

          Back: A transmission addressed to one station.        

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          Front: Type 2 Hypervisor        

          Back: A hypervisor that runs as an app in a host OS.        

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          Front: Type 1 Hypervisor        

          Back: A hypervisor that interacts directly with the hardware, without relying on a host OS. Also called a bare-metal hypervisor.        

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          Front: Transport Layer        

          Back: Sets up end-to-end network connections, and manages segmentation, sequencing, and reassembly.        

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          Front: Transparent Bridging        

          Back: When a switch uses a table to control the forwarding of frames between network segments.        

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          Front: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)        

          Back: A connection-oriented Layer 4 protocol.        

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          Front: Transceiver        

          Back: A device that performs transmitting and receiving functions.        

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          Front: Throughput        

          Back: The rate at which data are transferred through a system.        

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          Front: Thinnet        

          Back: 10BASE2, a form of Ethernet using a thin coaxial cable.        

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          Front: Technical Standard        

          Back: A set of norms or requirements for a repeatable technical works where it uses common and repeated use of rules and guidelines for products, processes, or management systems practices.        

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          Front: TIA/EIAT568A and TIA/EIAT568B        

          Back: Two wiring standards created by the Telecommunications Industry Associate (TIA) and the Electronics Industry Association (EIA) to specify which wire colors go in which positions in the connectors.        

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          Front: TFTP        

          Back: Trivial File Transfer Protocol; used to move a file from one computer to another without a guarantee of delivery.        

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          Front: TCP/IP        

          Back: A standard for computer network communication, used in particular for the internet.        

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          Front: T1 Connection        

          Back: A type of serial line that transmits data at a rate of 1544 (or 1536) kilobits per second.        

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          Front: Switch        

          Back: A multiport Layer 2 device that forwards frames based on MAC addresses.        

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          Front: Straight-Through Cable        

          Back: A network cable used to connect a computer to a networking device.        

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          Front: Storage Area Network (SAN)        

          Back: A network of high-capacity storage devices that are connected by a high-speed connection.        

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          Front: Start of a Frame Delimiter (SOF)        

          Back: The last byte of an Ethernet frame preamble; 8 bits.        

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          Front: Star-Wired Bus Topology        

          Back: A hybrid network topology that is cabled in a physical star topology but has a protocol that works logically as if it were operating on a bus topology.        

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          Front: Star Topology        

          Back: Each computer is connected by a dedicated cable to a centralized network device like a hub or a switch.        

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          Front: Source Address (SA)        

          Back: The 48-bit MAC address of the transmitting device.        

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          Front: Single-Mode Fiber (SMF)        

          Back: A fiber-optic cable with one communications channel.        

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          Front: Simplex        

          Back: Unidirectional; a one-way transmission.        

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          Front: Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)        

          Back: A cable with multiple twisted-pair wiring pairs surrounded by a single shield.        

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          Front: Set Bit        

          Back: A binary number is represented by 1.        

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          Front: Session Layer        

          Back: Responsible for setting up, managing, and then tearing down communications sessions between networked computers.        

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          Front: Server OS        

          Back: An OS designed to run a network server.        

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          Front: Server        

          Back: A powerful computer running a network operating system that responds to client requests.        

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          Front: Sequencing        

          Back: The process of numbering segments.        

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          Front: Segmentation        

          Back: The process of dividing long application-layer data streams into pieces.        

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          Front: Segment        

          Back: A unit of data at Layer 4.        

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          Front: Scope        

          Back: A range of IP addresses.        

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          Front: Scalable        

          Back: Able to be changed in scale; resizable.        

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          Front: SOHO        

          Back: Small office or home office.        

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          Front: Routing Table        

          Back: A data table stored in a router or a network host that lists the routes to particular network destinations.        

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          Front: Router        

          Back: A Layer 3 device that forwards packets based on IP address.        

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          Front: Rolled or Rollover Cable        

          Back: A particular type of cable used to connect consoles to computers.        

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          Front: Riser Cable        

          Back: A vertical cable that connects the floors of a building.        

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          Front: Ring Topology        

          Back: A network of computers on a cable that is configured in a circle.        

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          Front: Reverse Proxy Server        

          Back: A server that takes requests from the Internet and forwards them to servers in an internal network.        

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          Front: Repeater        

          Back: A Layer 1 device that regenerates signals to mitigate the effects of attenuation.        

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          Front: Registered Jack (RJ)        

          Back: Standardized telecommunications interface registered by the Federal Communications Commission.        

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          Front: Refraction        

          Back: The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium to another of different optical density.        

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          Front: Reassembly        

          Back: The process of putting numbered segments into the correct order.        

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          Front: Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)        

          Back: A distortion of a radio signal.        

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          Front: Radio Frequency (RF)        

          Back: That part of the electromagnetic spectrum, between about 3 kHz and 300 MHz, within which radio waves are transmitted.        

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          Front: Quality of Service (QoS)        

          Back: The overall performance of a telephony or computer network based on error rates, throughput, transmission delay, etc.        

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          Front: Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)        

          Back: Network infrastructure provided by public telecommunications carriers.        

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          Front: Proxy Server        

          Back: A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and another server, usually on the Internet.        

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          Front: Protocol Stack        

          Back: An implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family, e.g., TCP/IP.        

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          Front: Protocol Data Units (PDUs)        

          Back: Protocol specific information used in the encapsulation process.        

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          Front: Protocol        

          Back: A set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network.        

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          Front: Private Branch Exchange (PBX)        

          Back: A telecommunications switching system physically located at a customer's place of business, which provides internal communication between users and also access to outside telephone lines.        

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          Front: Print Server        

          Back: A server that enables multiple clients to access the services of multiple printers.        

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          Front: Presentation Layer        

          Back: The layer that presents data to the application layer and is responsible for data translation and computer code formatting.        

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          Front: Preamble        

          Back: The first field of an Ethernet Frame; 56 bits.        

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          Front: Pointer Record (PTR)        

          Back: A DNS record that indicates IP address to name mapping records.        

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          Front: Point-to-Point Topology        

          Back: A direct connection between two routers or switches, which provides one communication path.        

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          Front: Point-to-Multipoint Topology        

          Back: One device directly connected to multiple devices by dedicated cables.        

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          Front: Plenum-Rated Cable        

          Back: A type of network cabling that satisfies plenum ratings defined in the National Electrical Code.        

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          Front: Plenum        

          Back: The space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts, and so on.        

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          Front: Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)        

          Back: The traditional landline telephone system.        

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          Front: Pinout        

          Back: The manner in which an electrical connector or device is wired; the list of signals that correspond to each pin or output.        

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          Front: Pin-Out        

          Back: The manner in which an electrical connector or device is wired; the list of signals that correspond to each pin or output.        

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          Front: Physical Topology        

          Back: The placement of the various components of a network.        

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          Front: Physical Layer        

          Back: Layer 1 of the OSI model where signals representing data are transmitted across a physical media like wired cables or wireless radio frequency.        

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          Front: Personal Area Network (PAN)        

          Back: A type of wireless computer network that covers a very small geographic area.        

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          Front: Peripheral Device        

          Back: An electronic device that is outside the computer’s system unit (external to the computer’s enclosing case) but used by the computer to which it is connected, such as a printer or a scanner.        

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          Front: Peer-to-Peer Network        

          Back: A network of connected peer computers with no central controller.        

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          Front: Patch Cable        

          Back: A cable that connects network devices to a patch panel.        

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          Front: Partial Mesh Topology        

          Back: A network where each device has a dedicated connection to many, but not all, devices.        

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          Front: Paravirtualization        

          Back: Type 1 virtualization in which each virtual machine is aware of the other virtual machines so they can cooperate.        

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          Front: Packet Switching        

          Back: A means of directing digitally encoded information in a communication network from its source to its destination, in which messages may be divided into smaller entities called packets, each of which travels independently through the network in paths based on moment-to-moment routing decisions made by the nodes through which they pass.        

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          Front: Packet Shaper        

          Back: A device that prioritizes network traffic flows.        

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          Front: Packet        

          Back: A unit of data at Layer 3.        

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          Front: Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)        

          Back: First 24 bits of a MAC address that identifies the manufacturer of the network interface card (NIC).        

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          Front: Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model        

          Back: A conceptual framework that helps us understand how one computer or digital device can communicate with another computer or digital device.        

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          Front: Octet        

          Back: One byte; 8 bits.        

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          Front: OSI Model        

          Back: A conceptual model that we use as a reference to understand and talk about how data networks operate in theory.        

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          Front: OSI Layer 4        

          Back: Transport layer        

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          Front: OSI Layer 3        

          Back: Network layer        

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          Front: OSI Layer 1        

          Back: Physical layer        

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          Front: OS-Level Virtualization        

          Back: Virtualization in which the host OS supplies multiple, independent instances of itself in containers to each virtual machine.        

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          Front: Nibble        

          Back: Half a byte; 4 bits.        

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          Front: Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFWs)        

          Back: A part of the third generation of firewall technology, combining a traditional firewall with other network device filtering functions.        

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          Front: Network architecture        

          Back: The design of a computer network.        

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          Front: Network Topology        

          Back: Describes the shape of a network        

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          Front: Network Segmentation        

          Back: To break a large network into a set of smaller networks.        

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          Front: Network Operating System (NOS)        

          Back: An OS designed to be used for networking.        

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          Front: Network Operating System        

          Back: Software for controlling the allocation and use of various hardware resources and access to networked resources.        

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          Front: Network Layer        

          Back: Layer 3 of the OSI model where routers forward packets to hosts on other networks based on IP address.        

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          Front: Network Interface Card (NIC)        

          Back: A computer hardware component designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network.        

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          Front: Network Backbone        

          Back: Where all of the network segments and servers connect to.        

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          Front: Network        

          Back: Multiple computers and other devices connected to each other to share information.        

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          Front: Name Resolution        

          Back: The DNS process of translating a domain name to an IP address.        

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          Front: NEXT        

          Back: Near-end crosstalk.        

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          Front: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)        

          Back: A networking technology that routes traffic using the shortest path based on labels to handle forwarding.        

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          Front: Multimode fiber (MMF)        

          Back: A fiber-optic cable with multiple communications channels.        

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          Front: Multilayer Switch (MLS)        

          Back: A device that provides both Layer 2 switching and Layer 3 routing functions.        

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          Front: Multicast        

          Back: A transmission address to multiple stations.        

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          Front: Modulate        

          Back: To vary the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier wave in proportion to a source wave.        

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          Front: Modem        

          Back: A device that encodes digital computer signals into analog telephone signals and vice versa and allows computers to communicate over a phone line.        

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          Front: Microcontroller        

          Back: A microcomputer on a single chip, used to control some device such as an automobile engine or a toy.        

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          Front: Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)        

          Back: A computer network that covers the area of a large city, up to about a 25-mile radius.        

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          Front: Metro Ethernet        

          Back: A metropolitan area network (MAN) connection service provided by a telecommunications service provider.        

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          Front: Media Converters        

          Back: A Layer 1 device that connects one media type to another media type.        

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          Front: Media Access Control Protocol        

          Back: A set of rules that enables multiple devices to share the physical medium of a network.        

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          Front: Media Access Control (MAC) Sublayer        

          Back: Defines how packets are placed on the media by the data link layer.        

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          Front: Media Access Control (MAC) Address        

          Back: A physical address that uniquely identifies a device at Layer 2.        

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          Front: Media        

          Back: Wired cables or wireless radio frequency.        

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          Front: Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)        

          Back: The largest amount of data carried by a single packet of a given networking protocol.        

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          Front: Managed Switch        

          Back: A switch with complex functionality appropriate for large enterprise installations.        

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          Front: Malware        

          Back: Software which has been designed to operate in a malicious, undesirable manner.        

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          Front: Mail Server        

          Back: A server that stores and forwards incoming and outgoing email messages for a certain domain, such as the domain that the company owns.        

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          Front: Mail Exchanger (MX) Record        

          Back: A DNS record that points to the email server for a particular host.        

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          Front: MAC Address        

          Back: Media Access Control address; A unique identifying number assigned to most network devices.        

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          Front: Logical Topology        

          Back: How data flow within a network.        

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          Front: Logical Link Control (LLC) Sublayer        

          Back: Responsible for identifying network-layer protocols and then encapsulating them at the data link layer.        

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          Front: Local Area Network (LAN)        

          Back: An interconnection of computers that are in relatively close proximity to each other, such as within a building.        

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          Front: Load Balancer        

          Back: A device that distributes network traffic to a number of servers.        

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          Front: Linux        

          Back: An open-source OS with many distros available, some of which are optimized for use as server OSs.        

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          Front: Link Light        

          Back: An LED light on a network device that indicates network activity.        

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          Front: Legacy        

          Back: An old computer system or application program that continues to be used because the owner does not want to replace or redesign it.        

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          Front: Layer 3 Switch        

          Back: A router.        

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          Front: Latency        

          Back: A delay or a period between the initiation of something and the occurrence.        

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          Front: Interoperability        

          Back: To work together.        

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          Front: Internetworking Operating System (IOS)        

          Back: A Cisco proprietary operating system for switches and routers.        

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          Front: Internetwork        

          Back: A network linking separate networks together.        

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          Front: Internet Service Provider        

          Back: A company that provides internet access for a fee.        

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          Front: Internet Protocol (IP)        

          Back: A network-layer protocol that enables connectivity between different networks.        

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          Front: IP Address        

          Back: An address that identifies a host computer at Layer 3.        

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          Front: Hypervisor        

          Back: Software that manages virtual machines.        

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          Front: Hyper-V        

          Back: The hypervisor that comes with Windows.        

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          Front: Hybrid Topology        

          Back: A combination of two or more types of physical or logical network topologies working together within the same network.        

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          Front: Hub        

          Back: A Layer 1 multiport repeater.        

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          Front: Hot-Pluggable        

          Back: Can be safely plugged in while the system is turned on and running.        

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          Front: Host        

          Back: Any computer attached to a network.        

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          Front: Hexadecimal        

          Back: A base-16 numbering system.        

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          Front: Half Duplex        

          Back: Providing communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time, not simultaneously.        

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          Front: HTTP        

          Back: Hypertext Transfer Protocol; the protocol used most commonly to transfer webpages and accompanying data over the internet.        

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          Front: HTML        

          Back: Hypertext Markup Language; used to instruct browsers on how to format and display World Wide Web content.        

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          Front: Gigabit Ethernet        

          Back: 1000 Mbps Ethernet.        

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          Front: Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)        

          Back: A domain name that specifies the exact location of a host computer.        

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          Front: Full Virtualization        

          Back: Virtualization in which each virtual machine is unaware of the others and functions independently.        

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          Front: Full Mesh Topology        

          Back: A network where each device has a dedicated connection to every other device.        

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          Front: Full Duplex        

          Back: Describing a duplex system in which both parties can communicate with each other simultaneously.        

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          Front: Frequency-Division Multiplexing        

          Back: Combining transmissions from multiple stations onto a single communications channel carrying multiple frequencies.        

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          Front: Frame Check Sequence (FCS)        

          Back: The last field of an Ethernet frame which provides the CRC value for error checking.        

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          Front: Frame        

          Back: A unit of Ethernet data at Layer 2.        

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          Front: Flood        

          Back: A transmission of data out all switch ports when the location of the destination MAC address is unknown.        

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          Front: File Transfer Protocol (FTP)        

          Back: A technology for transferring files over a network.        

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          Front: File Server        

          Back: A server that stores files and responds to requests to access and manage those files.        

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          Front: Fiber-Optic Cable        

          Back: A type of networking cable made of glass that transports light to represent data.        

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          Front: Fault Tolerance        

          Back: A property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of one failure or several failures of some of its components.        

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          Front: Fast Ethernet        

          Back: 100 Mbps Ethernet.        

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          Front: FTP        

          Back: File Transfer Protocol; used to move a file from one computer to another with a guarantee of delivery.        

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          Front: F-Type Connector        

          Back: A coaxial cable connector.        

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          Front: Ethernet II Frame        

          Back: Ethernet version 2; also known as DIX frame.        

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          Front: Ethernet        

          Back: A Layer 2 protocol for wired local area networks.        

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          Front: Enterprise        

          Back: A company, business, or organization.        

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          Front: End User        

          Back: A person who uses a networked device.        

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          Front: Encryption Gateway        

          Back: A network device dedicated to encrypting data.        

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          Front: Encryption        

          Back: The process of obscuring information to make it unreadable without special knowledge, key files, or passwords.        

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          Front: Encapsulation        

          Back: The adding of a header of layer specific information to the data passed down from an upper layer.        

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          Front: Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)        

          Back: Noise generated by an external source that affects signals in an electrical circuit.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)        

          Back: A protocol that computers use to decide on one IP address to use for dynamic IP addressing.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Domain Name Service (DNS)        

          Back: A server that resolves host names into IP addresses.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Distro        

          Back: Short for distribution; a version of Linux that is customized for specific uses.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Digitization        

          Back: The conversion of data or information from analog to digital or binary.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Digital Device        

          Back: Any object that has a computer or microcontroller.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Digital        

          Back: The property of representing values as discrete, often binary, numbers rather than a continuous spectrum.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Destination Address (DA)        

          Back: The 48-bit MAC address of the receiving device.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Demarc        

          Back: The point of demarcation where the provider's network (and responsibility) ends and that of the customer begins.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Decimal        

          Back: Value in a base-10 numbering system.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Database Server        

          Back: A server that responds to queries and other requests from users to access stored information sets.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Data        

          Back: A representation of facts or ideas in a formal manner capable of being communicated or manipulated by some process.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: DNS Server        

          Back: A computer that responds to a client’s DNS request.        

Sophia → Introduction to Networking

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          Front: Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)        

          Back: A checksum which provides error checking.        